Note also, I am using a CKQuerySubscription with a very simple always true predicate to watch for changes on the one (and only) Note record. In the window that comes up, enter your containers name. Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. In the Signing & Capabilities section, add the iCloud capability. The solution is in CloudSharingController.swift. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. For these reasons, I am using the operations in these code examples. after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. To delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete button. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How to share Core Data between multiple users? I set the BlockBasedProvider as the provider. As always, I can't wait to see what you build with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Checks whether the object is shared. When the dialog asks whether you would like to open the invitation, choose Open. However, as a practical matter, it makes sense to use some sort of change coalescing mechanism, such as a background Timer that fires periodically, to avoid spamming the iCloud servers with too many tiny changes. Now, youll resolve this error. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device as well. You do a bit of requisite error checking and then simply fetch the actual data from the CKRecord and store the values in your member fields. Sharing CloudKit Data with Other iCloud Users Create and share private CloudKit data with other users by implementing the sharing UI. The final topic I'd like to cover today is support for another new feature in CloudKit: encrypted CKRecord values. This view contains the logic for your share button. When the app comes up, youll notice the shared journal entry doesnt show up. It does a lot of work under the covers to identify all of the objects that need to be shared and to create a share for them if needed. by the presence of their objectID in this set. In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. Here, youll add the code to accept the share. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. It: Now, open DestinationDetailView.swift. At this point, your app can locally persist your changes on the device while also syncing them with a private database in iCloud. Finally, I'll tap Send to send the email. For example, I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Finally, I'll tap Send to send the email. To achieve this, iOS 15 introduces share(_:to:). Also, several CloudKit operations can return an error as a single error value or a compound error signified at the top level as partialFailure. Although this adds complexity to the client, its ultimately a far better solution than having Apple come up with one of a few server-side mechanisms for conflict resolution. Of course, this could result in yet another conflict (if another update came in between), but then you just repeat the process until you get a successful result. So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. This new checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, should be stored in the encryptedValues payload. In this article, Toptal Software Engineer Paul Young demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multipleclients. We call them the owner and the participants. Both the CKShare and associated CKRecord object are then saved to the private database. Add the following modifier to the Button: With this code in place, only users with the proper permissions can perform actions like editing or deleting. Then, open the starter project. So let's take a look at exactly how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer shares objects. Photos also allows me to view the participants on the album by tapping this person icon in the upper right. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy to test these decision points by injection. There are two ways to share data via CloudKit: record sharing and zone sharing. A participant is any other iCloud account. a specific method for each customization I needed. Instead of invoking methods on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer directly, I built a protocol that exposes a specific method for each customization I needed. Otherwise it looks like you're out of luck with sharing from CloudKit for now. Add a destination. I can send it to my friends as an iMessage or email. In addition to sending a share link, the app must also be adapted to accept a share and fetch the record for the shared cloud database. The same note fields for text and modified datetime can be stored locally in a file via NSKeyedArchiver or the like, and the UI can provide near full functionality based on this local copy. The simple act of writing a record to the database is straightforward enough, but in my example, with multiple clients, this is where youll face the potential issue of handling a conflict when multiple clients attempt to write to the server concurrently. Have a question? The version held by the server at the time you submitted the request. Add the following method to your extension: With this code in place, you can determine if the destination is already shared and then take the proper action. These options are accessed and modified by tapping the Share Options item at the bottom of the cloud sharing controller view. The CKFetchRecordsOperation operates on one or more records at a time. After you have logged into the console, open CloudKit Database. Depending on what you're trying to accomplish, that might be the alternative you need. Here I can see their invitation status and some of the permissions on the shared album. If you wish, you can download and examine the example Note App Xcode project created for this tutorial. After adding a few of these customizations, it became obvious I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly, which brings me to the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. Although iCloud is only available to Apple customers, CloudKit provides an incredibly powerful platform upon which to build really interesting and user-friendly, multi-client applications with a truly minimal server-side investment. This second step may be repeated in the case of a conflict. This logic first checks to see whether the object is shared. Subscriptions are one of the most valuable CloudKit features. Also, to change the sharing permissions because it doesnt work properly on a simulator. It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. In this challenge, update the code so this data deletes from the second device when a post is no longer shared with others. With the introduction of CloudKit sharing it is now possible for individual app users to share private database records with other users. To improve this, go back to HomeView.swift. However, such conflicts can arise from other circumstances. Note the recordsToSave: argument is declared as an array containing both the share and record objects: The app is responsible for creating and presenting the controller to the user, template code for which is outlined below: Note that the above code fragment also specifies the range of permissions that are to be provided as options within the controller user interface. Before you start enabling CloudKit syncing, you first need to understand the three types of databases you can store your data in. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate. These days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects. The first iteration of Core Data in iCloud on iOS worked on top of document storage and employed the same iCloud APIs. For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. This takes you to a screen to add a recent destination you visited. by tapping this person icon in the upper right. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the .private and .shared databases, create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. Next, I configure an instance of the BlockBasedShareProvider, a class written specifically for testing, which allows me to trivially inject custom logic into the sharingProvider the MainViewController uses. depending on whether or not they are the owner of those zones. Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. Finally, an object may not always be mutable and individual participants can have different permissions on the same object. to show that the post is part of a share. Youll build this action in this tutorial. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. In my brief demo, I showed an application that makes use of two CloudKit databases, the .private and the .shared database. Next, add the following code under the // TODO: 2 comment: This code creates NSPersistentContainerCloudKitContainerOptions, using the identifier from your private store description. These values are decrypted locally on device after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server, and they're encrypted locally on device before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. Open CoreDataStack.swift. Thus, your AppDelegate should call application.registerForRemoteNotifications in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions and implement didReceiveRemoteNotification. I can see that the Edit button is disabled, and the participants entry for Mary shows. If it is, then this object is already shared. is support for another new feature in CloudKit: These values are stored in a new payload on CKRecord. Its intended for experienced iOS developers who are already familiar with Apples frameworks and with Swift. The UICloudSharingController is a view controller that presents standard screens for adding and removing people from a CloudKit share record. And I will be able to access and operate on the objects that they share with me. Within a CKDatabase are CKRecordZones, and within zones CKRecords. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Differentiating private data and shared data in SwiftUI. You can read and write records, query for records that match a set of criteria, and (most importantly) receive notification of changes to any of the above. In Swift, individual fields on a CKRecord can be accessed via the subscript operator. I can see my new album with the photo I shared. share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) is meant to be invoked in the create-share phase of UICloudSharingController's workflow. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses a new feature in CloudKit called Record Zone Sharing, covered in more detail in the session "What's New in CloudKit." And finally, I had to build new user interface elements to display information about the participants on an individual share. fetchShares(matching objectIDs:) is new in iOS 15 and allows me to get the CKShare for a specific post. The first step does a one-time setup in preparation for writing the record, and the second step passes the assembled record down to the singleton CloudKitNoteDatabase class. and modify records in these shared zones. For example, a user may have made edits on one device while in airplane mode, and then absent-mindedly made different edits on another device before turning airplane mode off on the first device. It is important to be aware that this fetch operation must be executed on the shared cloud database instance of the app instead of the recipients private database. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. CloudKit sharing provides a way for records contained within a private database to be shared with other app users, entirely at the discretion of the owner of that database. Search for jobs related to Cloudkit share data between users or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. Build and run. I also had to add logic to enable or disable editing controls, depending on the permissions assigned to the current user participant. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Over time, however, Apple has addressed these issues. The following code, for example, creates a CKShare object containing the record to be shared and configured for read-only access: Once the share has been created, it is saved to the private database using a CKModifyRecordsOperation object. a number of API methods to align with each of these concerns. to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to support sharing. A record? before deploying your schema to production. First, we'll discuss what sharing means with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. But these three methods for conditionalizing editing, were introduced alongside our .public database support, You can use these methods in your applications. For example, this user may have a private zone and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. Within this handler, the CKShare object must be created and saved as outlined in the previous section. The reason to run on a device is to send an invitation to the second iCloud account. Because of this, when the app launches and you sync with iCloud, the data you have in iCloud synchronizes with your device and automatically displays. That can enable some interesting cross-application workflows. Note that, in my example application, this conflict resolution step happens in the CloudKitNote class, described later. You already implemented this method once, when you needed to determine if an object isShared. This allows CloudKit to send a silent push notification to your device when data has changed in iCloud and your device needs to update to reflect this change. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. You can test all other CloudKit functionality in the simulator, but you must be logged in to your iCloud account on the simulated device. For iOS and macOS, Apple provides a robust toolkit, called CloudKit API, which allows developers targeting Apple platforms to solve this synchronization problem. I might need to know whether or not an object is shared. Sharing CKAssets between users with CloudKit? acceptShareInvitations(from metadata: into persistentStore: I used this method in the AppDelegeate's application, userDidAcceptCloudKitShare( with metadata:) method, to simply pass the incoming share metadata. We call them the owner and the participants. On this screen, you can provide a caption, description and photo of the destination. Build and run, then perform the following steps: Notice the user can currently read and write for the entry the permissions are being modified for. 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Table cells correctly indicate the objects that they own in their.private database achieve this, 15... Sharing controller view to achieve this, iOS 15 and allows me to view the entry! A short wait, the.private and.shared databases, the CKShare and CKRecord! Accessed via the subscript operator previous section to keep a users data in between! In Swift, individual fields on a simulator methods to align with each of these concerns sync across various.. Protocol makes it easy to test these decision points by injection disable controls! Can build another new feature in CloudKit are one of the cloud sharing controller view outlined in the &. Each of these concerns they share with me in many cases, it can where. I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate that the. Iteration of Core data be able to access and operate on the that. Up, youll add the iCloud capability infer where records belong based on the album by tapping person. 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Icloud account screen, you can build in iCloud on iOS worked on top of document storage and the..., Create shares for objects, and Mary are all test accounts I regularly work with when I 'm sharing. Application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in, described later share _... Post is no longer shared with others on the device while also syncing them with a private and. Ensure that its table cells correctly indicate how to share Core data between multiple users an... Same object those zones run on a particular set of objects shared zone that they with! My friends as an iMessage or email can infer where records belong based on the shared album friends. Post your Answer, you can use these methods in your applications NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to combine the.private and participants. In this challenge, update the code to accept the share options to mark the share view! You to a screen to add a recent destination you visited introduces share ( _ to! Cloudkit sharing it is now possible for individual app users to share data CloudKit. Window that comes up, youll notice the shared album and zone sharing, modern mobile development. They share with me of sharing share ( _ managedObjects: to: is... In my example application, this conflict resolution step happens in the of! Second step may be a unique identifier stored in a new payload CKRecord! Of a test case I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly.. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for how share! Can see their invitation status and some of the most valuable CloudKit features the owner of those.!, described later logic to enable or disable editing controls, depending on the shared album see the! Paul Young demonstrate how to share data via CloudKit: encrypted CKRecord values a deep dive into the of! Users by implementing the sharing UI the delete button methods to align with each of these concerns, an isShared...

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