Gerasa and Gadara are accounted for in historical accounts (by writers such as Pliny the Elder and Josephus) and by archaeological research. Was Marks knowledge of the Decapolis shaky? Zebedee was able to hire men to assist him (Mark 1:20). If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tyre to Capernaum, It takes 0.06 hours to arrive. The narratives of Mark and Luke tell us that the heard of pigs was located on the hillside and that the herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea (Mk 5:13 Lukes record is pretty much identical). It was taken by Antiochus the Great when in 218 B.C. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. Lets be clear: I know zero greek. Calms a storm from . Some are of the opinion that Gergesa was the country of the ancient Girgashites; but it is more probable that 'Gergesenes' was introduced by Origen upon mere conjecture; as before him most copies seem to have read 'Gadarenes', agreeable to the parallel passages and the ancient Syriac version. There are some ruins now on this spot still known by the very slight corruption of Kerzha. There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). The Sea of Galilee is Israel's largest freshwater lake. The substitution of sin for cad is easy: but the insertion of the guttural `ain is impossible. The miracle referred to took place, without doubt, near the town of Gergesa . He gave it a free constitution. Unless they had moved their residence from Bethsaida to Capernaum, of which there is no record, and which for fishermen was unlikely, Bethsaida must have lain close to Capernaum. Judas of Gamala (Ant., XVIII, i, l) is also called Judas of Galilee (ibid., i, 6). One things for sure: Gergasa, if it can be equated with Kursi, is the most geographically plausible16 reading. Mark 8:22 He came to Bethsaida. Save in very settled conditions they will not venture far from the shore. The rest of the mosaics were laid earlier, probably shortly after the church was built at the beginning of the sixth century. This seems to be the fountain called "Capharnaum" by Josephus (BJ, III, x, 8). At the mouth of the wadi lies the Sea of Galilee with its abundant fishing grounds. See GENNESARET, LAND OF. On the second occasion the wind blew from the East, and the phenomena described above were practically repeated.4. MATTHEW. After Jesus heals him/them, the demons are sent into a herd of pigs. The emperor would not listen to the accusations of the inhabitants against Herod for oppressive conduct (Ant., XV, x, 2). Many are the ruins of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is known today. Distances. At eT-Tabgha in the North, at `Ain el Fuliyeh, South of el-Mejdel, and on the shore, about 2 miles South of modern Tiberias, there are strong hot springs. (NOTE.-The Textus Receptus of the New Testament reading. The first two are in the Authorized Version. If freedom and security be enjoyed in reasonable measure, the region will again display its long-hidden treasures of fertility and beauty.W. It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). At the end of the nave is a semicircular apse. John 1:44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. A relatively large tell, no doubt the urban center of the area, stands about 300 yards from the monastery discovered by the bulldozer. "The advent of the railway has stirred afresh the pulses of life in the valley. (iv) In view of the frequent repetition of names in Palestine the nearness of the two Bethsaidas raises no difficulty. On the basis of the textual evidence alone, we cannot determine which of these variants is . Rooms known as pastophoria, which played an important part in the ritual and the liturgy, flank the apse. Many ancient tombs are to be seen in the face of the hills. All scripture quoted from The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1989), If you want to get into the detail see Bruce Manning Metzger, United Bible Societies, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Second Edition a Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament (4th Rev. See FISHING. It was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, and it yielded one of the finest crops of thistles in the country. It was the seat of one of the councils instituted by Gabinius for the government of the Jews (Ant., XIV, v, 4; BJ, I, viii, 5). Near by is the site at `Ain et-Tabigha, which many have identified with Bethsaida of Galilee. The names of many ancient places have been lost, and others have strayed from their original localities. Christian artifacts from Kursi can be viewed at the Golan Archaeological Museum. All Im able to say with any confidence is that Matthew felt compelled to change the location of the pigs. Farther North, Wady el-`Amud brings down much water in the rainy season. These differences caused copyists of the gospels to perform no end of monkey-business with the sentence there are 3 variants for each of the synoptic gospels.2 Were looking at a genuine problem that was recognised very early. App., 11).)2. But from their mute testimony we gather that the lake in the valley which is now so quiet was once the center of a busy and prosperous population. But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. These things, together with the frequent, and sometimes terribly destructive, earthquakes, sufficiently attest the volcanic character of the region. (In Matthew, the story tells of two demoniacs.) , Flavius Josephus and Steve Mason, Flavius Josephus: Life of Josephus (Boston; Leiden: Brill, 2003), 47. The NT references ( Mark 5:1; Luke 8:26; cf. Ewing. Commentary on the Gospel according to John Books 1-10, Ed. ", beth-sa'-i-da (Bethsaida, "house of fishing"):(1) A city East of the Jordan, in a "desert place" (that is, uncultivated ground used for grazing) at which Jesus miraculously fed the multitude with five loaves and two fishes (Mark 6:32 Luke 9:10). Josephus explains that the country of the Gadarenes reached the shore of the lake: the villages of the Gadarenes happened to lie on the frontier between Tiberias and the territory of the Scythopolitans.4. Possibly, however, the name may represent the Hebrew ganne sarim, "princely gardens." The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. He calls the inhabitants Syrians, when, at the beginning of the Jewish revolt, the district round Gerasa was laid waste. Login & Purchase. Why would Matthew do that? It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). , The name Gerasenes is to be associated with the modern city of Jerash, located in Transjordan, 22 miles N of Amman. John McRay, Gerasenes, ed. The city of Gadara is represented today by the ruins of Umm Qeis on the heights south of el-Chummeh-the hot springs in the Yarmuk valley-about 6 miles Southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The demons inside him gave him such strength that he was able to break all the chains and fetters that were intended to subdue him. Capernaum is a Peru city located at the longitude of -77.488175 and latitude of -4.446235 . Storms:The position of the lake makes it liable to sudden storms, the cool air from the uplands rushing down the gorges with great violence and tossing the waters in tumultuous billows. 27, Anchor Yale Bible (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008), 342. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Cana to Capernaum, It takes 0.03 hours to arrive. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a1615141b8e2bf0 As Jesus began to get back into the boat, the delivered demoniac pleaded with Him that he might accompany Him. It maybe taken as certain that the jurisdiction of Gadara, as the chief city in these regions, extended over the country East of the Sea, including the lands of the subordinate town, GERASA (which see). v.71). 2019 Dr. Andrew Jackson. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. The sheltering hills provide excellent grazing areas, particularly for hogs, which are best suited to these rocky hills. (he thalassa tes Galilaias):1. The distance line on map shows distance from Nazareth to Capernaum between two cities. They brought a blind man to him, and begged him to touch him. (iv) The present writer is familiar with these waters in both storm and calm. When they arrive on the shore he gets out and is met by two demoniacs/a guy called Legion. Among the variants are the Land of Gadarenes, the Land of Gergesenes, the Land of Gerasenes and the Land of Gergustenes. Driving distance between Capernaum, Israel and Jerusalem, Israel is calculated by google maps and it is 99 mi. The figure of a ship frequently appears on its coins: conclusive. The structure itself consists of two parts. At this time the residential area was clustered around the church, and most of the former residential quarters were left unrepaired and unsettled. The agreement of these two favors the strict interpretation. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. Today they are the modern towns of Jerash and Umm Qais. The distance line on map shows distance from Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities. Well probably never find out what the real deal is, but, as usual with these things, thats only a problem if we subscribe to the patently false doctrine of inerrancy.17. A person seated on this bench beholds, through the chapels small prayer hall, an excellent view of the enclosed rock on the terrace below, and, from there, of the monastery at the bottom of the hill and the Sea of Galilee beyond. Well, it seems Eusebius didnt arrive at his Gergesa idea alone; it appears he may have just been following Origens (185-253 CE) commentary on John where we read: Origen, John. To deal with it he changed country of the Gerasenes to country of the Gadarenes: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.. The ancient walls may be traced in almost their entire circuit of 2 miles. THE brief harvest in Samaria was, as Jesus had indicated to His disciples, in another sense also the beginning of sowing-time, or at least . These demon-possessed pigs then run headlong into the lake and, presumably, drown. Description: Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, appears to have been aware of this geographic difficulty. The air cleared, and the wide welter of foam-crested waves attested the fury of the blast. "Jesus of Nazareth" was born in Bethlehem. ge-nes'-a-ret he ge Gennesaret):1. In the middle of the eighth century, probably as a result of the disastrous earthquake of 746/747, the monastery was destroyed. The factors that led to this site selection were undoubtedly: (1) its location on the eastern shore of the lake; (2) its proximity to an urban center (variously named Gergessa, Gadara and Gerasa); and (3) its topographical setting, in particular the steep hill where the swine herd had presumably been grazing. Now there is no question that Capernaum was on "the other side," nor is there any suggestion that the boat was driven out of its course; and it is quite obvious that, sailing toward Capernaum, whether at Tell Chum or at Khan Minyeh, it would never reach Bethsaida Julius. He is however inclined to favor el-Mes`adiyeh, a ruin and winter village of Arab et-Tellawiyeh, which stands on an artificial mound, about a mile and a half from the mouth of the Jordan. The water from `Ain et-Tabgha was brought round the promontory at `Ain et-Tineh by a conduit cut in the rock. From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 He took them, and withdrew apart to a deserted place of a city called Bethsaida. See CAPERNAUM. There is scarcely any doubt that the scene of the miracle on the poor demoniac, and of the subsequent possession of the swine, must be looked for on this spot. He deals with a remaining issue by locating the herd some distance away rather than on the hillside next to the lake. Synoptic-Gospels. The Name:This is the name 5 times given in the New Testament (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 15:29 Mark 1:16; Mark 7:31 John 6:1) to the sheet of water which is elsewhere called "the sea of Tiberias" (John 21:1; compare John 6:1); "the lake of Gennesaret" (Luke 5:1); "the sea" (John 6:16, etc. gad'-a-ra (Gadara): 1. Like many large and important early Christian churches in the Holy Land, the church of Kursi includes a number of different elements. And that doesnt fit the description were given of the stampede at all. The Second visit to Cana - Cure of the Nobleman's' Son at Capernaum. From the point where the Jordan enters in the North to its exit in the South is about 13 miles. The bulldozer was stopped and the Department of Antiquities and Museums was called in to excavate scientifically. Contradictions, In about ten minutes the wind fell as suddenly as it had risen. The indigo plant is grown in the plain of Gennesaret. Jesus would naturally avoid those in which Greek influences were strong. Four of the apostles, and these the chief, had been brought up as fishermen on the Sea of Galilee. GENNESARET, lake of, same as Tiberias, sea of. They refuse to drink from the Jordan, alleging that "who drinks Jordan drinks fever." So, all a layman like me who wants to avoid exegeting the english can do is trust good scholarship: Its comforting to know that Luz translates it But far off from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.7 On the other hand, Newman and Stine make the astute observation that It seems that at some distance does not indicate a great distance, since the pigs can be seen.8. The road then crosses a second promontory, and proceeds along the base of the mountain to Tiberias. [10] Only about 60 percent have survived, but this is enough to attest that the mosaics in the church at Kursi exemplified mosaic art in its finest tradition. Recently the German Catholics made extensive purchases, including the village of el-Mejdel. Luke 9:10 The apostles, when they had returned, told him what things they had done. ifsi virtual learning. The sultan of Damascus is said to have fortified it; but there is nothing to show that the Moslems occupied it for any length of time.3. The two towns were therefore practically in the same line. Brill, 19942000), 204. A narrow ribbon of plain between the mountain and the shore runs to the South end of the lake. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. At the center is a large prayer hall in the form of a basilica. If you know the geography of the Sea of Galilee at all, its almost entirely surrounded by hills, some of them pretty steep. The Valley of Kursi, or Wadi Samak, is still rich in fertile farming land. It is the only place fitting Matthew's description, since it contains the only "steep bank" in the area descending all the way to the shore of the lake. Still other pilgrimage sites, such as Magdala, have been only recently rediscovered by archaeological excavations after having been entirely forgotten for more than a thousand years. They were both Gentile cities filled with citizens who were culturally more Greek than Semitic; this would account for the pigs in the biblical account. Josephus names it as marking the eastern limit of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). In contrast to the western shore, the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee has usually lain outside the area of the Christian pilgrims principal interest. Now a village is pointed out beside Lake Tiberias, into which the swine rushed down headlong.11. 2023 Biblical Historical Context. The distance from the Dead Sea to the Sea of Galilee is 104 miles or 167 kilometers. History:The name Gadara appears to be Semitic It is still heard in Jedur, which attaches to the ancient rock tombs, with sarcophagi, to the East of the present ruins. On the sands along the shore from el-Mejdel to `Ain et-Tineh these shells are so numerous as to cause a white glister in the sunlight.The main formation of the surrounding district is limestone. We may assume that the cities named in the Gospels were mainly Jewish. The street terminated at the courtyard in front of the church. It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. It was used to drive certain mills, and also to refresh the neighboring land. MARK. The main street of the monastery compound led from the western gate to the church in the center. Luke 5:1 Now it happened, while the multitude pressed on him and heard the word of God, that he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret. :Many scholars maintain that all the New Testament references to Bethsaida apply to one place, namely, Bethsaida Julias. Smooth plaster covered the rock walls of the apse. 8:4-18 Sea of Galilee. Black basalt blocks form the base of the synagogue at Capernaum (Luke 7:5) Jesus travels round Galilee. The church itself is, of course, the most impressive structure in the monastery compound. It dominates the center of the compound and covers a spacious area of 12,110 square feet. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. du Talmud, 45).Centuries of neglect made a sad change in the plain. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. 31 or 32. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. Cana: 32.744999: 35.339758: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 26.51 km: It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. The location of the incident of the "Gadarene . The prosperity of the sixth century abruptly ended with the Persian invasion in 614 A.D. he first invaded Palestine (Polyb. The Name:The first syllable of the name Gennesaret is evidently the Hebrew gan, "garden"; while the second may be a proper name. Mk 1:35-45 During the winter of 27/28AD, Jesus goes to the nearby villages of Galilee, preaching and casting out demons. Most of the sites in the area of the Sea of Galilee, like all the sites mentioned above, lie on the western shore, so it is natural that this side of the lake proved more attractive and was more often the goal of visitors. This has therefore always been a favorite haunt of fishermen. Distance between North District and Capernaum (9,93 km.) The pilgrimage sites associated with the swine miracle, as opposed to the urban settlement of Tell el-Kursi, were discovered quite by accident in the late 20th century. In a few moments the air was thick with mist, through which one could hear the roar of the tortured waters. it is a happy contention of the seasons, as if each of them claimed this country; for it not only nourishes different sorts of autumnal fruit beyond men's expectation, but preserves them a great while." 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