Jane was well-known for her abilities as a sharpshooter . This was claimed after he was killed during a poker game on Aug. 2, 1876. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. This incident added to his fame as a gunslinger, which skyrocketed when journalist and later explorer Sir Henry Morton Stanley reported as fact in the New York Herald in 1867 Hickoks exaggerated claim that he had killed 100 men. Paramount Pictures' Western silent film Wild Bill Hickok (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. The first was Bill Mulvey, who was rampaging through town, drunk, shooting out mirrors and whisky bottles behind bars. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. Against the bloody backdrop of the uniquely volatile point in history, both killers earned a reputation for viciousness. Col. George Armstrong Custer. "[49], Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, had a dispute that resulted in a shootout. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. He afterward resumed using his given name, James Hickok. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. The incident began when David McCanles, his brother William and several farmhands came to the station demanding payment for a property that had been bought from him. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. His parents were William Alonzo Hickok and Polly Butler. On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square, standing sideways before drawing and firing their weapons. August 18, 1876, image 3", "Jack McCall Cowardly Killer of Wild Bill Hickok", "American Wonder Wild Bill Hickok Shot and Killed from Behind on This Day in History", Bozeman Avant Courier, December 22, 1876, image 1, testimony of George M. Shingle, "Riverboat captain 'carried' bullet that killed Hickok", "Jack McCall and the Murder of Wild Bill Hickok", "Wild Bill Hickok: Pistoleer, Peace Officer and Folk Hero", Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok's Colt Model 1851 Navys, "Wild Bill Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. [65][66], McCall was summoned before an informal "miners' jury" (an ad hoc local group of miners and businessmen). Hickok never fought in another gun battle. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . In 1876, Wild Bill Hickok was suffering from glaucoma. The second trial was not considered double jeopardy because of the irregular jury in the first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Indian country. But Coe "reckoned without his host". In addition to many exploits she was known for being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok.Late in her life, she appeared in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show and at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.She is said to have exhibited compassion to others . [15] He grew a moustache following the McCanles incident, and in 1861 began calling himself "Wild Bill".[16][17]. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). 2 Army revolver, a five-shot, single-action, .32-caliber weapon, innovative as one of the first metallic cartridge firearms and favored by many Union officers during the Civil War. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. In 1876, Hickok was shot and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory (present-day South Dakota) by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. This was during the Indian Wars, in which Hickok sometimes served as a scout for General George A. Custer's 7th Cavalry. ", Hermon, Gregory (1987). McCall was brought to trial the next day. Thus began the reputation that Hickok said he had "tried to restore order". This, in turn, was destroyed by souvenir hunters and replaced in 1902 by a life-sized sandstone sculpture of Hickok. [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. Take that!" Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. The story quickly became newspaper and magazine fodder. Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . He drove freight wagons and coaches. Hardin left Kansas before Hickok could arrest him. [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. [28] Strawhun "made remarks against Hickok", and Hickok killed him with a shot through the head. Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the first of its kind. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. He was arrested while using the name Haycock in 1865. In reality, Janes first verified child was born in November 1882 when she was living with rancher Frank King near Miles City, Montana. Hickok moved to Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, where he joined Jim Lane's Free State Army (also known as the Jayhawkers), an antislavery vigilante group active in the new territory during the Bleeding Kansas era. That winter, writer M.L. While in Deadwood, South Dakota, Wild Bill Hickok became a regular poker player at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon. [25] The 1883 History of Greene County, Missouri described him as "by nature a ruffian a drunken, swaggering fellow, who delighted when 'on a spree' to frighten nervous men and timid women. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). At the time, shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal, and a 50-cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot. While a Jayhawker, he met 12-year-old William Cody (later known as "Buffalo Bill"), who, despite his youth, served as a scout just two years later for the U.S. Army during the Utah War. At Castle City, Montana in 1893, when Jane was running a restaurant, she had with her the daughter of one of her soldier friends in Texas who probably was Jessie. Citizens of the town complained to Hickok, who requested that Thompson and Coe remove the image. He told Mrs. McCanles he was sorry he had to kill her man then took out $35 [$1,056 in 2021 dollars] and gave it to her saying: "This is all I have, sorry I do not have more to give you." [57] The two possibly met for the first time after Jane was released from the guardhouse in Fort Laramie and joined the wagon train in which Hickok was traveling. [12] The article was controversial wherever Hickok was known, and several frontier newspapers wrote rebuttals. If James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok had an eye disease, present-day experts believe that, like many others of his time, he may have suffered from trachoma. Wild Bill Hickoks legend only grew further when other stories about his fighting prowess surfaced. During the Civil War, Wild Bill Hickok served in the Union Army as a civilian scout and later a provost marshal. Children: Possibly two daughters; . Several sources, including Jessie, verify the child was born on October 28. Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. Wild Bill had learned of the scheme and cornered Coe, had his two pistols drawn on Coe. Did Old West houses have outhouses, and were public facilities available? i have been told that Wild Bill Hickok is my great great great (i don't know how many greats) uncle, and i haven' been able to find out if any of his brotherrs had kids. He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. To be entitled to acquittal on the ground of self-defense, he must have been anxious to avoid a conflict, and must have used all reasonable means to avoid it. [60] McCall then entered the saloon, walked up behind Hickok, drew his Colt Model 1873 Single Action Army .45-caliber revolver, and shouted, "Damn you! Did such wagons actually exist? Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. Di Certo is the author of ten books and composer of three albums of children's songs. He was bedridden for four months before being sent to Rock Creek Station in the Nebraska Territory to work as a stable hand while he recovered. August marks of the deaths of two of the Wild West's most famous figures: Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. ", Nichols, George Ward (1867). Hickok may have picked up the nickname Wild Bill for his daring fighting in the Union army during the Civil War, which included service as a spy, a scout, and a sharpshooter. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. Before being called Wild Bill Hickok, his original name was James Butler Hickok. Now, she said, both Calamity Jane and another famed woman of the west, Belle Starr, were her aunts. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill . Calamity Jane. When they returned from overseas, Agnes and Bill Lake decided to start their own circus. For more on American historysubscribe to All About History for as little as 26. Bath The bullet emerged through his right cheek and struck another player, riverboat Captain William Massie, in the left wrist. No other woman in the American west possesses a more enigmatic legacy than Martha Calamity Jane Canary. [28] Tutt's shot missed, but Hickok's struck Tutt through the heart from about 75 yards (69m) away. setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. He was released from the group after a few months. He was involved in several notable shootouts during the course of his life. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. Wikimedia Commons Calamity Jane poses in front of Wild Bill Hickok's grave. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. Why were some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the Old West. Upon being sprung, Jane whisked into Castle City, picked up the girl, and went on her way. Hickok had a large impact on American history because of his life and death. He claimed he was avenging Hickok's earlier slaying of his brother, which may have been true; a man named Lew McCall had indeed been killed by an unknown lawman in Abilene, Kansas, but whether or not the two McCall men were related is unknown. In another account of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Little, the mayor of Abilene and owner of the town's lumber yard, recorded his time in Abilene by writing in a notebook, which was ultimately given to the Abilene Historical Society. If the deceased and defendant engaged in a fight or conflict willingly on the part of each, and the defendant killed the deceased, he is guilty of the offense charged, although the deceased may have fired the first shot. [74] He wore his revolvers butt-forward in a belt or sash (when wearing city clothes or buckskins, respectively), and seldom used holsters; he drew the pistols using a "reverse", "twist", or cavalry draw, as would a cavalryman. He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. [36][37], In December 1867, newspapers reported that Hickok had come to stay in Hays City, Kansas. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. [66] McCall was acquitted of the murder, which prompted editorializing in the Black Hills Pioneer: "Should it ever be our misfortune to kill a man we would simply ask that our trial may take place in some of the mining camps of these hills." We drove on to Beatrice and at the trial, his plea was self-defense; no one appeared against him, and he was cleared. Quay House, The Ambury, 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. In an instant, he pulled the triggers again sending two bullets into Coe's abdomen (Coe lived a day or two) and whirling with his two guns drawn on the drunken crowd of cowboys, "and now do any of you fellows want the rest of these bullets?" It was written by Michael Lanahan and directed by Timothy Woodward Jr. [c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed they could apply the unwritten law of the "fair fight" and acquit. And though it is difficult to picture her in the domestic arena, Jane was also a mother. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State. Just as he pulled the trigger, one of the policemen rushed around the corner between Coe and the pistols and both balls entered his body, killing him instantly. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. Did Nick McGlashan have a family? During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. Nick McGlashan loved his family, friends and fans. Joseph J. shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! McCanles also acted as the stations manager before the company replaced him with Horace Wellman, and McCanles had reputedly ridiculed Hickok during his convalescence from his injuries. The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. In the Frederic Remington illustration of The Sentinel, is the mission San Xavier del Bac? [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. This made it difficult for the men to carry the remains to the new site. They even did a stint abroad, performing for one season in Germany in 1862. All rights reserved. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. Mulvey wheeled his horse around to face those who might shoot him from behind, and before he realized he had been fooled, Hickok shot him through the temple. Hickok and Lanihan, however, remained sheriff and deputy, respectively. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. He is chiefly portrayed as a protagonist, although historical accounts of his actions are often controversial, and much of his career is known to have been exaggerated both by himself and by contemporary mythmakers. Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. His father was said to have used the family house, now demolished, as a station on the Underground Railroad. [40]:192, On July 17, 1870, Hickok was attacked by two troopers from the 7th U.S. Cavalry, Jeremiah Lonergan and John Kyle (sometimes spelled Kile),[42] in a saloon. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. [69] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. In the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Calamity Jane. [3][4] James was the fourth of six children. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. Brady, like Varnes, had disappeared from Deadwood and could not be found. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. Hickok joined the antislavery Free State Army of Jayhawkers and, having already become skilled with a gun as a youth, served as a bodyguard for Gen. James H. Lanes. Lorenzo Butler Hickok spoke with McCall after the trial, and said McCall showed no remorse. Keith Bell Manchester, United Kingdom Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. He was the fourth son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok. [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. He was sentenced to death on January 3, 1877 and on March 1, 1877 he was executed by hanging. It ends with Hickok surviving the murder attempt due to wearing body armor and being shot in the back, then secretly leaving for a ranch in California. Like his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickok was the son of an abolitionist. The murderer escaped. According to the Harpers account, Hickok, while guiding a detachment of Union cavalry through southern Nebraska, decided to stop and visit an old friend, Wellmans wife, at Rock Creek Station. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. By 1942 Jessie had changed her story, perhaps at McCormicks urging. Hickok was of English ancestry. [50] The two entrepreneurs had painted a picture of a bull with a large erect penis on the side of their establishment as an advertisement. The movie The Plainsman (1936), starring Gary Cooper as Hickok, features the alleged romance between Calamity Jane and him as its main plot line. The original wooden grave marker was moved to the new site, but by 1891, it had been destroyed by souvenir hunters whittling pieces from it, and it was replaced with a statue. The bear attacked, crushing Hickok with its body. Prairie Schooners is a 1940 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson, which stars Wild Bill Elliott as Hickok. What do you know about Pete Spence, a member of the Cowboys of Tombstone? A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. He reported returning with five prisoners after killing 10. , picked up the girl, and shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [ then ] jury! The retrial Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana gunfighter after he three... 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