Its history is steeped in discovery and exploration, beginning with early leaders that, after ousting Celtic and Moorish settlers in the 12th century, focused on building their kingdom beyond continental borders. A number of independent kingdoms united in 1492 to form the Kingdom of Spain, a cultural patchwork that continues to shape the modern nations dynamic identity. Racism has been a recurring part of the history of Europe. 3. Smaller shares of Poles (61%) and Hungarians (54%) have seen an increase in their country's ethnic, religious and racial diversity. To some extent, credit should go to the law enforcement agencies who suppressed the largest and most aggressive ultra-right groups in the Moscow region in the second half of 2008 and in 2009. Chapter 2: Ethnicity and Race Study Guide Chapter 2 Ethnicity and Race Ethnic and Racial Diversity Civil Rights Ethnicity Race Racism Study Questions 1. The nation is home to Mount Etna, Europes tallest and most active volcano, and houses two countries within its borders the Vatican and San Marino. Europeans often tend to turn a blind eye to racism, not willfully, but because of ignorance. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea, is a nation in eastern Asia that occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula and has a long history of conflict. The discovery of gold made Ghana one of the first places in sub-Saharan Africa to attract European traders; it was also the first nation in the region to break colonial rule. The countrys role on the global stage faces new questions as the nation withdrew from the European Union. Finland and racism? Situated at a geographic crossroads, the land was ruled by many empires before it first became a democratic republic in 1918, following World War I. [9], Young non-ethnic Danes have complained that some police officers have acted in a racist manner. 1. British and Polynesian influences course through picturesque New Zealand, an island nation in the Pacific Ocean southeast of Australia. Europe is the most ethnically homogenous continent while top 20 most diverse countries are all in Africa . The largest and most populous of the three Baltic nations, Lithuania is located along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia, Belarus, Poland and the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad. Present day Kazakhstan was part of various empiresthroughout the centuries, including the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries. The rankings evaluate 85 countries across 26 rankings drawn from a survey of more than 17,000 global citizens, measuring 73 dimensions that have the potential to drive trade, travel and investment and directly affect national economies. Spanish is the official language, and Incan Quechua is used in formal intercultural relations. Made up of a chain of thousands of islands between Asia and Australia, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the worlds biggest Muslim-majority nation. The only western country to break into the top 20 most diverse is Canada. What are the most diverse cities in Europe? Located in the heart of Central Europe, the modern Austrian state was shaped by the two world wars of the 20th century. The United States of America is a North American nation that is the worlds most dominant economic and military power. Switzerland, officially called the Swiss Confederation, is a small country in Central Europe made up of 16,000 square miles of glacier-carved Alps, lakes and valleys. Below are the 13 most corrupt countries in the European Union, according to Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index. Many in the Balkans, perhaps after years of ethnicity-tinged wars, expressed lower racial tolerance. Nearly all of its population lives in the south, surrounding the capital, Oslo. The nations stunning Mediterranean coastline eases into the rugged Dinaric Alps and, continuing northeast, the fertile plains of the Danube River. A side note from the research was that during economic downturns there was an increased amount of discrimination. Thank you for all your thoughtful replies, I've definitely learned a lot! Its location in the heart of Central Europe has nurtured a rich culture yet provided its people with a reserve born from interference and invasions from larger powers. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Swiss People's Party claims that Swiss communities have a democratic right to decide who can or cannot be Swiss. Fractionalization is the probability that two individuals drawn randomly from the country's groups are not from the same group (ethnic, religious, or whatever the criterion is). In Europe, with its 40,000-year-old indigenous white population, the rise of a non-white majority may not be greeted with such equanimity. [55][56], In June 2020, Hazel Chu, a Green Party politician and Irish woman of Chinese heritage, was elected to the office of Lord Mayor of Dublin. Nearly half of survey respondents approved of a more racially diverse nation, with only 23% viewing increased diversity as a negative development. An ancient trade route once ran through West Africa, crossing through Ghana and neighbors Togo and Cote dIvoire. Lifelong intelligence officer and political scientist Dr. George Friedman puts it this way: "Between 1914 and 1945, Europeans. Perhaps due to the countrys history, the people are among the least religious in the world. Few hundred were chanting slogans like "We want God" and "Poland for Poles" as well as anti-semitic slogans. In a recent Pew Survey, 47% of the French deem immigration from Central and Eastern Europe (mainly from Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Romania, including Slavic and Romani people) to be a very bad thing. This question is hard, too conversations about ethnicity can quickly lead to fighting and, in the worst cases, violent conflict. [113], The Swiss Confederation or Confederatio Helvetica is a nation composed of four subcultural groups: German-speaking (63.7%), French-speaking (20.4%), Italian-speaking (6.5%) and Romansh-speaking (0.5%).[114]. [107], Swedish national television (SVT) has reported on a new research done in Sweden which identifies that job seekers with a Swedish name have 50% higher chances to be called for an interview than job seekers with middle-eastern names. It was built in the 1930s as the headquarters of the Fascist Youth Organization . [49] In 2002, a Chinese man Zhao Liu Tao (29) was murdered in Dublin in what was described as the Republic of Ireland's first racially motivated murder. Here's what you should know about the far right's latest power-grab", "EU's top court shows how to tackle autocrats", "Poland's Government Is Systematically Silencing Opposition Voices", "How Poland uses foreign lobbyists to fight PR wars and influence U.S. policy", "Zack Blumberg: Europe's far-right movements come on strong, but what next? The report and other groups have expressed concern about organizations like Front National (France). [98] There has been evidence that the Swedish police used "Neger Niggersson" as a nickname for a criminal in a police training; this was published in Swedish media. However, over 60% of the targets were reported to have been Finland-born, although those with foreign-born parents were counted as well. In mid-twentieth century Ireland there was traditionally very little immigration in general to the Republic of Ireland, and hence little racial diversity, though in recent decades growing prosperity in the country (see: Celtic Tiger) attracted increasing numbers of immigrants, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe (primarily Poland), China and Sub-Saharan Africa. The scale of Russia is difficult to imagine. Most immigrants have settled in Dublin and the other cities. . Lebanon is a Levantine country in the northern Arabian Peninsula, located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and bordered by Syria to its north and east, and Israel to its south. The research, conducted by the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), found that many non-Irish nationals living in Ireland are at least as likely to be . The Limits of Data Although the definition of ethnicity is a bit more straightforward than that of race, accurately describing the ethnicity of a given country can be anything but. These trends followed certain demographic lines, with younger, more liberal, and more educated people favoring increased diversity while older, more conservative, and less educated respondents proved less fond of the idea. The UK's oldest university is also amongst the most diverse universities in the world! Hence, the questions handled the topic much more delicately, with the most telling question being if a person was okay with their child being in a relationship with a Black or Asian person. Also the absence of colonialist baggage has meant that foreign people are not drawn to Ireland by "mother country" factors that have affected other European countries. It is the largest nation by area in Africa and the Arab world, and most of the country is covered by desert. What defines an ethnicity? The country is sparsely populated, with most of its 35.5 million residents living within 125 miles of the U.S. border. Ukraine declared independence from the former Soviet Union in 1991. The country, a medium-sized nation in Southeast Asia that borders Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand, is populated by several ethnic groups, with the Burmese dominating the population, politics, economy and society. The Kingdom of Morocco is a Muslim country in western North Africa, with coastlines on the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Founded in 1923, Turkey is home to a unique intersection of culture as the nation bridges Asia with Europe. Contemporary Serbia reflects the ambiguities and contradictions of modern Europe culturally rich, comparatively developed economically yet driven by regional rivalries and ethnic tensions. Almost 40% of the interviewed said they had witnessed verbal abuse directed at Muslims. Language doesnt define ethnicity either. Hindu-Buddhist and Muslim kingdoms existed before the arrival of the Dutch, who colonized the archipelago but ceded independence to the country after an occasionally violent struggle in 1949. The history of Myanmar, also known as Burma, is marked by ethnic violence and widespread impoverishment as it has convulsed between democratic freedom and brutal authoritarian rule. "[103], Swedish social services have reported on racism in Swedish hospitals as well. Occupying half of South Americas land mass, Brazil is the giant of the continent both in size and in population. Historically, the most serious racial problems in Ireland stemmed from the colonization of the country by the British, and the racist attitude of the colonists to the native Irish. [citation needed], On 9 October 1992, the Bulgarian president signed the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, signaling a new commitment to uphold minority rights.[1]. ", "Revealed: dozens of European politicians linked to US 'incubator for extremism', "A 'witch-hunt' for Poland's barely visible refugees", "(English) Poland: Racism in Poland | esk helsinsk vbor, z.s. When you rank cities within a country, you usually have the same methods of census across those cities. With an eye on the United States, children of immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean are bringing race into the public discourse, in a . The Dominican Republic, the land of merengue and baseball, occupies two-thirds of the island Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea. The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a landlocked country in Western Europe with Belgium to the west, France to the south and Germany to the east. Barcelona, Spain. As Austria's second-largest city, there are many fascinating things to know about Graz. The country is one of the smallest in the world, as well as one of the wealthiest. Its current population -- largely of mixed indigenous and European descent -- is a clear manifestation of these distinctive roots. The entire country is infested with Russian immigrants of all backgrounds. The Christian Kingdom of Poland was formally created in 1025 and by the mid-16th century the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth was one of the largest countries on the continent. The most recognised work on ethnic diversity is by Fearon [and Alesina]: Fearon finds that Papua New Guinea is easily the most ethnically diverse country, followed by Tanzania and Congo Kinshasa. Free and fair elections took place in 1999, after rioting toppled his dictatorship. Here are the top European destinations, most of which I've experienced myself, that can be considered black-traveller friendly countries. Liberia, with a population of only 4.5 million, is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, with 28 different ethnic groups. But its location has also made it a prize to claim by empires and put it at the center of social and religious movements. Second, I added the Pew Religious Diversity Index value for the country where the city is located, which ranges from 0 to 10. Africasthird-largest economy behind Nigeria and Egypt, South Africa drawshundreds of thousands of visitors each year eager to see its impressive terrain, wildlife and cultural diversity. Its very nearly what you compulsion currently. American Eagle . Bordered by the Pacific Ocean on its West and the Gulf of Mexico to its East, Mexico is the third-largest country in Latin America and has the second-largest economy. Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands, is known as being a very tolerant and welcoming place for immigrants and asylum seekers. These data often correspond broadly to the results of Erkan Gren's 2013 study on cultural diversity. . The Commonwealth of Australia occupies the Australian continent. If a country is considered racially diverse, it is home to many different groups of people who share their own distinct characteristics. In 2013 one of the leaders of another nationalist party, VMRO, Angel Djambasky was put under investigation for calling the people to arm themselves against the immigrants. Racial diversity is growing in many nations, often as a result of increased immigration. The map is based on data from 288,076 White Europeans, collected by Harvard researchers between 2002 and 2015. [90] The institute recommended the sterilization by force of the mentally ill, physically disabled, homosexuals and ethnic minorities, which was allowed by Swedish law until 1975. A poll made in late 2011 revealed that the majority of the Finns viewed Finland as a racist country. Several players in the Spanish league including Barcelona striker Samuel Eto'o and Espanyol goalkeeper Carlos Kameni have suffered and spoken out against the abuse. How to Best Use Insider Monkey to Increase Your Returns, 6 Things You Didn't Know About Hedge Funds. Once a poor British protectorate, the small nation became an independent state in 1971. Iran, once the heart of the great Persian Empire, sits in southwestern Asia, bordered to its east by Afghanistan and to its west by Iraq. A series of civil wars and internal strife occupied most of the 19th century. The Shelta or Irish Travellers, a nomadic ethnic group once speaking their own language, have also experienced persecution in past and modern times throughout Ireland. Along with neighbors Algeria and Libya, it lines the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, a strategic location that has attracted Romans, Arabs, Ottoman Turks and others over the years. Cyprus island, Mediterranean Sea . The bitter war garnered international attention and participation, especially from the United States, at a critical juncture in the Cold War era in which communism was gaining ground on the global stage. [79], In one survey measuring nationalist, anti-immigrant and anti-religious minority sentiments, Portugal had the second highest average prevalence score among several European countries.[80]. The land of beautiful beaches and abundant biodiversity has long been plagued by political instability, but its resilient economy continues to improve and push ahead of others in the region. The country's official language is French. Develop and cultivate key partnerships, including with Girls Who Code, to advance the . Long culturally influenced by its neighbors, today the country blendsits ancient traditions with aspects of Western life. In addition, it has called for skinheads to refocus their mission to legally preventing crime and immoral behavior. A small minority showed signs of anti-Semitism. The country, wedged between between Oman and Saudi Arabia, has rocky desert, wetlands, waterless mountains and coastlines that stretch along the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. The Czech Republic may have been born in 1993, but the nations history goes back more than 1,000 years. Finally, I gave a tiny boost to cities that volunteered for the Council of Europes study of Intercultural Cities, assigning .5 extra points for an average Intercultural Cities Index and 1 extra point for above-average. Guest workers have reportedly often been a target of racial abuse from employers, landlords and government employees. and non-Russian citizens of African, Central Asian, East Asian (Vietnamese, Chinese, etc.) The Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Canada and Finland are the best countries for racial equality, according to a global survey. [6], Pew Research Center ranks Denmark as the third most racist in western Europe. 112 intellectuals sign a petition to the attorney general not to register the party Ataka, which was rejected by the attorney general. Extravagant mosques and cathedrals can both be found within blocks of the Grand Bazaar in the city of Istanbul, home to 14 million people. 9 South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa. The term diversity encompasses all differences among groups. It noted that such factors contributed to the increase in extremist ideologies in Hungarian politics and media. Its government is a presidential republic that is described as highly authoritarian, according to Western governments including the U.S., as well as international rights groups. Maps Reveals Europe's Most Racist Countries, And You Won't Like It 970K views Stella Community member As the European migrant crisis surges on, the attitudes of European countries' citizens toward ethnic minorities continue to shift and evolve. Tunisia is a small Arab country in North Africa that represents both the aspirations of freedom and struggles against terrorism that roil the region. In a recent Pew Survey, 47% of the French deem immigration from Central and Eastern Europe (mainly from Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Romania, including Slavic and Romani people) to be a very bad thing. ", "Greece Golden Dawn: Neo-Nazi leaders guilty of running crime gang", "Racist violence creeping up in Greece, report finds", "Racism, discrimination, intolerance and extremism: learning from experiences in Greece and Hungary", "Irish Public Service Broadcasting 1940s: De Valera and Broadcasting", Ireland is a country of racists at least the Irish think that's true National News, Lenihan under pressure to apologise for kebab gaffe, Ireland of the welcomes is a myth Analysis, Opinion, Four charged with hatred in 'racist attack' on father, son National News, Death of a dream as racism rears its head in Ireland, "Judge directs acquittal of Michael Barry in Toyosi murder case", "FG councillor resigns as mayor after radio remarks", "Irish far-right National Party leader doused with milkshake during event in Galway", "Mayor of Dublin Hazel Chu hits back at racist harassment on social media", "Dublin Lord Mayor Hazel Chu Dealing With Racist Junk", "Art.1 Art.1: landelijke vereniging die zich inzet voor het voorkomen en bestrijden van discriminatie". [57][58] Later, a Twitter account operated by Barrett's wife made disparaging and racist comments towards Chu. It also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean and two enclaves in North Africa. France appeared to be one of the least racially tolerant countries on the continent, with 22.7 per cent saying they didn't want a neighbour of another race. [104] A study of statistics Sweden (SCB) reveals that segregation is widespread for Swedish immigrants when there are large differences in the fields of education, housing, employment and politics between immigrants and ethnic Swedes. In fact, the world's 20 most diverse. The conclusion was that Dutch people had the most chances of being invited for a job interview. It is easy to imagine Slovenia as a peaceful country. The University of Oxford is well-known for its low acceptance rate and for admitting the brightest minds from across the globe. The fact that even in European countries people of color often dont have the same level of wealth and educational opportunities that as their white counterparts speak volumes about the inherent racism in Europe. Muslim American women are among the most educated in the country, and young Muslim Americans report among the lowest levels of being registered to vote. 11 Most Ethnically Diverse Cities in Europe, 14 most ethnically diverse cities in the world, 11 most ethnically diverse cities in Europe. The English considered themselves to be a distinct race from the Irish, who were classified as 'Melanochroi', or 'half black' by Thomas Huxley. [72], In December 2020, news broke out about a Syrian refugee family living in the town of Heerlen facing violent acts by neighbors; allegedly due to racism. Radical Nationalism and Efforts to Counteract It in 2009", "Russian Church calls to give legal jobs to illegal immigrants and let skinheads legally fight Crime", Nuevas encuestas del CIS sitan a los gitanos como el grupo social ms rechazado, mientras que un estudio sociolgico refleja los importantes avances de esta comunidad, The Local: Muslims face most racism in Sweden, "Nazister, rnare och polismrdare - s lever de i dag - Inloggad - Expressen", "Aftonbladet nyheter: Polismorden i Malexander", Racist stereotypes used in police training, Academic immigrants discriminates in labour market, Social services identify racism in Swedish hospitals, Segregation 'widespread' for Swedish immigrants, "Love ain't got no color? Argentina, the Comoros, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Rwanda and Uruguay rank as the world's least diverse countries. A trip from the countrys northern border with Peruto its southern tip at Cape Horn covers 2,700 miles. Ein Leben zwischen Integration und Diskriminierung", "Statistique suisse Population trangre Aperu gnral", "UN envoy calls racism in Switzerland a reality- swissinfo", European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Interminority racism in the United States, Racial discrimination against African Americans in the U.S. Military, Race in the United States criminal justice system, Racial classification of Indian Americans, July 2019 Ethiopian Jews protest in Israel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Racism_in_Europe&oldid=1139522024, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with Swedish-language sources (sv), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 15:37. [40] The Council of Europe has also criticized Hungary in a new report, condemning xenophobia and violence against migrants and minorities. By far the most cases concerned age discrimination (219), race discrimination followed (105) and lesser number of sex discrimination cases. Remittances to Nicaraguans sent home last year surged 50%, a massive jump that analysts say is directly related to the thousands of Nicaraguans who emigrated to the U.S. in the past two years. In European Social Surveys since 2002, Finns have proved to be least racist just after Swedes. The country has the largest economy in the region, fueled mostly by its vast natural resources. [34] In late 2020, the party's leader, Nikolaos Michaloliakos, and six other prominent members and former MPs, were charged with running a criminal organization[35] and guilty verdicts on charges of murder, attempted murder, and violent attacks on immigrants and left-wing political opponents were delivered[36] and they were sent to prison. From 1964 until 1991, Zambia was a one-party state led by President Kenneth Kaundas socialist, United National Independence Party until he lost re-election after rules were changed in 1990 to allow for multi-party elections. The main outcome of 2009 was a clear reduction in the number of victims of racist and neo-Nazi motivated violence for the first time in six years of observation conducted by SOVA Center. The nation known for beer, chocolate and castles features Dutch, French and German as official languages. 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